O₂ programs in schools should be characterized by integrated courses, a school-within-a-school model, course clustering, and flexible scheduling. Features of an effective Trades and Technology Academy or other school-within-a-school model include the following:

• an industry (trades) focus




• integrated delivery of curriculum, life skills, and employability skills




• a flexible student-centred instructional model




• performance related to industry standards




• preparation of students for designated post-secondary destinations